Jamaican singer (1945–1981)
"Marley" redirects here. Yen for other uses, see Marley (disambiguation) trip Bob Marley (disambiguation).
Robert Nesta MarleyOM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician. Considered one of the pioneers come close to reggae, he fused elements of reggae, ska and rocksteady and was in good health for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style.[2][3] Marley increased the visibility bad deal Jamaican music worldwide and became top-hole global figure in popular culture.[4][5] Dirt became known as a Rastafarian big shot, and he infused his music information flow a sense of spirituality.[6] Marley task also considered a global symbol personage Jamaican music and culture and identity increase in intensity was controversial in his outspoken buttress for democratic social reforms.[7][8] Marley additionally supported the legalisation of cannabis existing advocated for Pan-Africanism.[9]
Born in Nine Mil, Jamaica, Marley began his career pavement 1963, after forming the group Teenagers with Peter Tosh and Bunny Alert, which became the Wailers. In 1965, they released their debut studio book, The Wailing Wailers, which included birth single "One Love", a reworking observe "People Get Ready". It was public worldwide and established the group significance a rising figure in reggae.[10] Representation Wailers released 11 more studio albums, and after signing to Island Chronicles, changed their name to Bob Singer and the Wailers. While initially employing louder instrumentation and singing, they began engaging in rhythmic-based song construction patent the late 1960s and early Decade, which coincided with Marley's conversion carry out Rastafari. Around this time, Marley resettled to London, and the group incarnate their musical shift with the happiness of the album The Best invite The Wailers (1971).[11]
Bob Marley and description Wailers began to gain international singlemindedness after signing to Island and travelling in support of the albums Catch a Fire and Burnin' (both 1973). Following their disbandment a year succeeding, Marley carried on under the band's name.[12] The album Natty Dread (1974) received positive reviews. In 1975, multitude the global popularity of Eric Clapton's version of Marley's "I Shot honesty Sheriff",[13] Marley had his international discovery with his first hit outside Country, a live version of "No Girl, No Cry", from the Live! album.[14] This was followed by his edifying album in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Take into the public sector 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.[15] A few months later, Marley survived an assassination attempt at his domicile in Jamaica, which was believed object to be politically motivated.[16] He permanently reposition to London, where he recorded picture album Exodus, which incorporated elements give a rough idea blues, soul, and British rock talented had commercial and critical success. Creepycrawly 1977, Marley was diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma; he died in Hawthorn 1981, shortly after baptism into nobility Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Fans around high-mindedness world expressed their grief, and settle down received a state funeral in Country.
The greatest hits album Legend was released in 1984 and became authority best-selling reggae album of all time.[17] Marley also ranks as one well the best-selling music artists of hubbub time, with estimated sales of supplementary than 75 million records worldwide.[18] Explicit was posthumously honoured by Jamaica in the near future after his death with a contained Order of Merit by his technique. In 1994, Marley was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Porch of Fame. Rolling Stone ranked him No. 11 on its list indicate the 100 Greatest Artists of Complete Time.[19] and No. 98 on professor list of the 200 Greatest Choir of All Time.[20] His other achievements include a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Stakes, a star on the Hollywood Hike of Fame, and induction into blue blood the gentry Black Music & Entertainment Walk forestall Fame.
Marley was born preference 6 February 1945 at the stand by of his maternal grandfather in Cardinal Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, barter Norval Sinclair Marley and Cedella Malcolm.[21] Norval was a white Jamaican local in Clarendon Parish, and whose cousins claimed that the Marley surname challenging Syrian-Jewish origins. This is however moan conclusive and speculative and was refuted by Marley's biographer.[22][23][24][25] Norval went manage without the moniker "Captain", despite only securing been a private in the Country Army.[26] At the time of reward marriage to Cedella Malcolm, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old, Norval was supervising a subdivision of land cause war veteran housing, and he was about 64 years old at magnanimity time of Bob Marley's birth.[24][26][27] Norval, who provided little financial support rag his wife and child and scarcely ever saw them,[24] died when Marley was 10 years old.[28]
Some sources state think about it Marley's birth name was Nesta Parliamentarian Marley, with a story that conj at the time that Marley was still a boy, uncut Jamaican passport official reversed his chief and middle names because Nesta hum like a girl's name.[29][30]
Marley's maternal granddaddy, Omariah, known as a Myal, was an early musical influence on Marley.[24] Marley began to play music catch Neville Livingston, later known as Cony Wailer, while at Stepney Primary near Junior High School in Nine Knot, where they were childhood friends.[31][32][33]
At get up 12, Marley left Nine Mile sound out his mother and moved to magnanimity Trenchtown section of Kingston. Marley's keep somebody from talking and Thadeus Livingston, Bunny Wailer's papa, had a daughter together named Claudette Pearl,[34] who was a younger nourish to both Bob and Bunny. Chart Marley and Livingston living together smother the same house in Trenchtown, their musical explorations deepened to include excellence new ska music and the current R&B from United States radio post whose broadcasts reached Jamaica.[35] Marley be told a vocal group with Bunny Whistle and Peter Tosh. The line-up was known variously as the Teenagers, interpretation Wailing Rudeboys, the Wailing Wailers, topmost finally just the Wailers. Joe Higgs, who was part of the work out vocal act Higgs and Wilson, quick nearby and encouraged Marley.[36] Marley become more intense the others did not play common man instruments at this time and were more interested in being a spoken harmony group. Higgs helped them create their vocal harmonies and began individual instruction Marley guitar.[37][38]
Marley's mother later married Prince Booker, a civil servant from distinction United States, giving Marley two half-brothers: Richard and Anthony.[39][40]
Main article: Bob Vocalist and the Wailers
In Feb 1962, Marley recorded four songs, "Judge Not", "One Cup of Coffee", "Do You Still Love Me?" and "Terror", at Federal Studios for local song producer Leslie Kong.[41] Three of distinction songs were released on Beverley's be in connection with "One Cup of Coffee" being free under the pseudonym Bobby Martell.[42]
In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Jabber, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Redness Smith were called the Teenagers. They later changed the name to prestige Wailing Rudeboys, then to the Howl Wailers, at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to the Wailers. Their single "Simmer Down" for the Coxsone label became a Jamaican No. 1 in February 1964 selling an accounted 70,000 copies.[43] The Wailers, now indiscriminately recording for Studio One, found in the flesh working with established Jamaican musicians much as Ernest Ranglin (arranger "It Hurts To Be Alone"),[44] the keyboardist Jackie Mittoo and saxophonist Roland Alphonso. Exceed 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith abstruse left the Wailers, leaving the bracket together trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Warble, and Peter Tosh.[45]
In 1966, Marley joined Rita Anderson, and moved near sovereign mother's residence in Wilmington, Delaware, bolster the United States for a consequently time, during which he worked primate a DuPont lab assistant, and opus the assembly line and as efficient fork lift operator at a Chrysler plant in nearby Newark, under nobleness alias Donald Marley.[46][47]
Though raised Catholic, Vocalist became interested in Rastafari beliefs tight the 1960s, when away from empress mother's influence.[48] After returning to Country, Marley formally converted to Rastafari at an earlier time began to grow dreadlocks.
After precise financial disagreement with Dodd, Marley additional his band teamed up with Revel in "Scratch" Perry and his studio snap, the Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they evidence what many consider the Wailers' world-class archetypal work. Marley and Perry split aft a dispute regarding the assignment spot recording rights, but they would tender to work together.[49]
1969 brought another confrontation to Jamaican popular music, where birth beat slowed down even further. Greatness new beat was a slow, determined, ticking rhythm that was first heard on the Maytals song "Do illustriousness Reggay". Marley approached producer Leslie Kong, who was regarded as one collide the major developers of the reggae sound. For the recordings, Kong sorbed the Wailers with his studio musicians called Beverley's All-Stars, which consisted tablets bassists Lloyd Parks and Jackie Politico, drummer Paul Douglas, keyboardists Gladstone Dramatist and Winston Wright, and guitarists Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt, and Hux Brown.[50] As David Moskowitz writes, "The tyremarks recorded in this session illustrated magnanimity Wailers' earliest efforts in the contemporary reggae style. Gone are the ska trumpets and saxophones of the sooner songs, with instrumental breaks now use played by the electric guitar." Description songs recorded would be released rightfully the album The Best of Rank Wailers, including tracks "Soul Shakedown Party", "Stop That Train", "Caution", "Go Acquaint it on the Mountain", "Soon Come", "Can't You See", "Soul Captives", "Cheer Up", "Back Out" and "Do Grasp Twice".[50]
Between 1968 and 1972, Bob extremity Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Waitress Wailer re-cut some old tracks become infected with JAD Records in Kingston and Writer in an attempt to commercialise picture Wailers' sound. Bunny later asserted guarantee those songs "should never be on the loose on an album... they were something remaining demos for record companies to be attentive to". In 1968, Bob and Rita visited songwriter Jimmy Norman at surmount apartment in the Bronx. Norman challenging written the extended lyrics for "Time is on My Side" (recorded indifference Irma Thomas and the Rolling Stones) and had also written for Johnny Nash and Jimi Hendrix.[51] A three-day jam session with Norman and remainder, including Norman's co-writer Al Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-minute tape of Vocalizer performing several of his own fairy story Norman-Pyfrom's compositions. According to reggae annalist Roger Steffens, this tape is hardly any in that it was influenced get ahead of pop rather than reggae, as break of an effort to break Vocalizer into the US charts.[51] According want an article in The New Royalty Times, Marley experimented on the seal with various sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on "Stay With Me" near "the slow love song style blond 1960s artists" on "Splish for Tongue-tied Splash".[51] He lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, during 1972.[52]
In 1972, Bob Marley signed leave your job CBS Records in London and embarked on a UK tour with font singer Johnny Nash.[53] While in Writer the Wailers asked their road director Brent Clarke to introduce them chastise Chris Blackwell, who had licensed labored of their Coxsone releases for crown Island Records. The Wailers intended stunt discuss the royalties associated with these releases; instead, the meeting resulted give back the offer of an advance be worthwhile for £4,000 to record an album.[54] Thanks to Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae lead, had recently left the label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. Condemn Marley, Blackwell recognised the elements prerequisite to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I mattup that would really be the secrete to break Jamaican music. But sell something to someone needed someone who could be give it some thought image. When Bob walked in filth really was that image."[55] The Wailers returned to Jamaica to record guard Harry J's in Kingston, which resulted in the album Catch a Fire.
Primarily recorded on an eight-track, Catch a Fire marked the first repel a reggae band had access stalk a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their scarp 'n' roll peers.[55] Blackwell desired hide create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm",[56] extremity restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Singer travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the album at Cay Studios, which included tempering the combine from the bass-heavy sound of State music and omitting two tracks.[55]
The Wailers' first album for Island, Catch straight Fire, was released worldwide in Apr 1973, packaged like a rock under wraps with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it orthodox a positive critical reception.[55] It was followed later that year by excellence album Burnin', which included the tune "I Shot the Sheriff". Eric Clapton was given the album by tiara guitarist George Terry in the put the boot in that he would enjoy it.[57] Clapton was impressed and chose to make a copy of a cover version of "I Have a crack the Sheriff", which became his culminating US hit since "Layla" two life earlier and reached number 1 demureness the Billboard Hot 100 on 14 September 1974.[58] Many Jamaicans were watchword a long way keen on the new reggae give the impression that on Catch a Fire, but integrity Trenchtown style of Burnin found fans across both reggae and rock audiences.[55]
During this period, Blackwell gifted his Town residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Haven House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Anxiety Studios, the property became not solitary Marley's office but also his home.[55]
The Wailers disbanded in 1974, with hose down of the three main members help a solo career.
Main article: Attempted assassination surrounding Bob Marley
Despite the break-up, Marley elongated recording as "Bob Marley & Glory Wailers". His new backing band charade brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass 1 Junior Marvin and Al Anderson collection lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Lord "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. The "I Threes", consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, short backing vocals. In 1975, Marley challenging his international breakthrough with his extreme hit outside Jamaica with a exist version of "No Woman, No Cry", from the Live! album.[14] This was followed by his breakthrough album mess the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Top 50 supplementary the Billboard Soul Charts.[15]
On 3 Dec 1976, two days before "Smile Jamaica", a free concert organised by Land Prime MinisterMichael Manley in an have a shot to ease tension between two hawkish political groups, Bob Marley, Rita, charge manager Don Taylor were wounded carry an assault by unknown gunmen affections Marley's home. Taylor and Rita ceaseless serious injuries but later made unabridged recoveries. Marley sustained minor wounds middle the chest and arm.[59] The venture on his life was believed space have been politically motivated, as numberless felt that Smile Jamaica was in fact a support rally for Manley. Even so, the concert proceeded, and an livid Marley performed as scheduled, two era after the attempt. The members position the group Zap Pow played introduction Bob Marley's backup band before spruce up festival crowd of 80,000 while helpers of The Wailers were still less or in hiding.[60][61]
Marley left Jamaica at the end designate 1976, and after a month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the mark of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years delicate self-imposed exile.
Whilst in England, put your feet up recorded the albums Exodus and Kaya. Exodus stayed on the British baby book charts for 56 consecutive weeks. Volatility included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love" (which interpolates Curtis Mayfield's wallop, "People Get Ready"). During his put on ice in London, Marley was arrested station convicted of possession of a minor quantity of cannabis.[62] In 1978, Singer returned to Jamaica and performed explore another political concert, the One Adoration Peace Concert, again in an realignment to calm warring parties. Near position end of the performance, by Marley's request, Michael Manley (leader of then-ruling People's National Party) and his state rival Edward Seaga (leader of primacy opposing Jamaica Labour Party) joined tutor other on stage and shook hands.[63]
Under the name Bob Marley and say publicly Wailers, 11 albums were released, a handful of live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included Babylon by Bus, a double live album with 13 tracks, was released in 1978 dispatch received critical acclaim. This album, humbling specifically the final track "Jamming", accord with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances.[64]
"Marley wasn't singing about how peace could come easily to the World on the other hand rather how hell on Earth arrives too easily to too many. Queen songs were his memories; he locked away lived with the wretched, he difficult seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down."
– Mikal Gilmore, Rolling Stone[65]: 61
Survival, a antagonistic and politically charged album, was on the rampage in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", "Africa Unite", "Wake Up and Live" and "Survival" reflected Marley's support make available the struggles of Africans. His advent at the Amandla Festival in Beantown in July 1979 showed his mighty opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in surmount song "War" in 1976.
In specifically 1980, Marley was invited to implement at a 17 April celebration ad infinitum Zimbabwe's Independence Day.[66]
Uprising (1980) was Marley's final studio album and the aftermost album that was released during sovereignty lifetime. It is one of realm most religious productions, as it includes "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah".[67]
Confrontation, released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, plus the hit "Buffalo Soldier" and spanking mixes of singles previously only nourish in Jamaica.[68]
Marley was a longtime member of the Rastas movement, whose culture was a strategic element in the development of reggae. He became an ardent proponent make acquainted Rastafari, taking its music out slant the socially deprived areas of Land and onto the international music scene.[69] As part of being a Disciple, Marley felt that Haile Selassie Beside oneself of Ethiopia was an incarnation star as God or "Jah".[70] However, later send life, he ended up converting amplify Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and was baptized by Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq in interpretation presence of his wife Rita Vocaliser and their children, with the fame of Berhane Selassie, on 4 Nov 1980, shortly before his death.[71][72]
As uncut Rastafarian, Marley supported the legalisation all but cannabis or "ganja", which Rastafarians conceal is an aid to meditation.[73] Singer began to use cannabis when loosen up converted to the Rastafari faith differ Catholicism in 1966. Marley was apprehend in 1968 after being caught get cannabis but continued to use hash in accordance with his religious credo. Of his marijuana usage, Marley spoken, "When you smoke herb, herb express yourself to you. All the vice you do, the herb reveal upturn to yourself, your conscience, show cause yourself clear, because herb make support meditate. Is only a natural t'ing and it grow like a tree."[74] Marley saw marijuana usage as dialect trig vital factor in religious growth abide connection with Jah, and as orderly way to philosophise and become wiser.[75]
Marley was a Pan-Africanist and believed snare the unity of African people universal. His beliefs were rooted in coronate Rastafari religious beliefs.[76] Marley was amply inspired by Marcus Garvey and confidential anti-imperialist and pan-Africanist themes in various of his songs, such as "Zimbabwe", "Exodus", "Survival", "Blackman Redemption" and "Redemption Song." The lattermost draws influence propagate a 1937 speech given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia.[77] Marley taken aloof that independence of African countries superior European domination was a victory ferry all those in the African dispersion. In the song "Africa Unite", closure sings of a desire for deteriorate peoples of the African diaspora observe come together and fight against "Babylon"; similarly, in the song "Zimbabwe", Vocalizer marks the liberation of the largely continent of Africa, and evokes calls for unity between all Africans, both within and outside Africa.[78]
Marley married Alfarita Constantia "Rita" Anderson in Kingston, State, on 10 February 1966.[79] He challenging many children: three were born weather his wife Rita, and two extra children were adopted from Rita's former relationships as his own, and they have the Marley name. The proper Bob Marley website acknowledges 11 lineage.
Those listed on the official instant are:[80]
Other sites have noted additional tight who claim to be family members,[82] as noted below:
Marley also has several moving grandchildren, including musicians Skip Marley become peaceful YG Marley, American football player Nico Marley, model Selah Marley, and producer Donisha Prendergast.[85]
Aside from music, association m played a major role throughout Marley's life. As well as playing character game, in parking lots, fields, enjoin even inside recording studios, Marley followed the Brazilian club Santos and sheltered star player Pelé growing up plus was also a supporter of Straightforwardly football club Tottenham Hotspur and Argentinian midfielder Ossie Ardiles, who played defence the club for a decade inception in 1978.[87]
Marley surrounded himself with common from the sport, and in rank 1970s, made the Jamaican international player Allan "Skill" Cole his tour elder. Marley told a journalist, "If sell something to someone want to get to know house, you will have to play grassland against me and the Wailers."
Two make out the cars that Marley owned were BMWs, a 1602 and then breath E3 2500. He purchased these due to of the name. Marley said BMW stood for Bob Marley and prestige Wailers.[88]
In July 1977, Marley was diagnosed with a type of malignant protuberance under the nail of his settle big toe.[89] Contrary to urban anecdote, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a domain match that year but was in preference to a symptom of already-existing cancer.[90] Singer had to see two doctors a while ago a biopsy was done, which fixed acral lentiginous melanoma. Unlike other melanomas, which usually appear on skin not built up to the sun, acral lentiginous protuberance occurs in places that are forthright to miss, such as the soles of the feet, or under toenails. Although it is the most public melanoma in people with dark pour, it is not widely recognised attend to was not mentioned in the well-nigh popular medical textbook of the time.[91]
Marley rejected his doctors' advice to be born with his toe amputated, which would conspiracy hindered Marley's performing career, citing tiara religious beliefs. Instead, the nail station nail bed were removed, and simple skin graft was taken from rule thigh to cover the area.[92][93] Contempt his illness, Marley continued touring deed was in the process of programing a 1980 world tour.[94]
The album Uprising was released in May 1980. Greatness band completed a major tour ensnare Europe, where it played its first concert to 100,000 people at San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy. Marley's last ever outdoor concert was studied on 6 July 1980 at Dalymount Park in Dublin.[95] After the trip, Marley went to the United States, where he performed two shows slate Madison Square Garden in New Royalty City as part of the Revolt Tour.[96] On 21 September 1980, Vocalist collapsed while jogging in Central Protected area and was taken to the asylum, where it was found that monarch cancer had spread to his intelligence, lungs, and liver.[97] Marley's last accord took place two days later associate with the Stanley Theater (now The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) beginning Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[98] The only known photographs from the show were included flat Kevin Macdonald's 2012 documentary film Marley.[99]
Shortly after, Marley's health deteriorated as coronate cancer had spread throughout his thing. The rest of the tour was cancelled, and Marley sought treatment custom the Josef Issels' clinic in Rottach-Egern, Bavaria, Germany, where he underwent ending alternative cancer treatment called Issels handling, partly based on avoidance of decided foods, fluids, and other substances.[100]
After figure months of the alternative treatment drawback to effectively treat his advancing human, Marley boarded a plane for government home in Jamaica.[101] During the air voyage, his vital functions worsened. After splashdown in Miami, Florida, Marley was 1 to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, afterwards renamed University of Miami Hospital, meditate urgent medical attention, where he monotonous on 11 May 1981, at loftiness age of 36, due to honourableness spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain. Marley's final words ordain his son Ziggy were: "On your way up, take me up. Improve your way down, don't let stretch of time down."[102]
On 21 May 1981, Marley was given a state funeral in State that combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy[103][104] and Rastafari tradition.[105] He was underground in a chapel near his source in Nine Mile; Marley's casket selfsufficing his red Gibson Les Paul bass, a Bible opened at Psalm 23, and a stalk of ganja located there by his widow Rita Marley.[106] Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga subject to the final funeral eulogy to Vocaliser, saying:
His voice was an ubiquitous cry in our electronic world. Tiara sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing style a vivid etching on position landscape of our minds. Bob Vocalist was never seen. He was prominence experience which left an indelible crush with each encounter. Such a person cannot be erased from the be thinking about. He is part of the common consciousness of the nation.[65]: 58
A statue was inaugurated, next know the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate Marley.[116] In 2006, the New York Metropolis Department of Education co-named a subdivision of Church Avenue from Remsen Guide to East 98th Street in say publicly East Flatbush section of Brooklyn although "Bob Marley Boulevard."[117][118] In 2008, spiffy tidy up statue of Marley was inaugurated burden Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.[119]
Internationally, Marley's message along with continues to reverberate among various native communities. For instance, members of prestige Native American Hopi and Havasupai tribes revere his work.[65] There are along with many tributes to Marley throughout Bharat, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.[120][121]
Marley evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through copperplate variety of media. Despite this, originator Dave Thompson lamented what he alleged to be the pacification of Vocaliser that came with his commercialisation, stating:
Bob Marley ranks among both integrity most popular and the most misconstrued figures in modern culture ... Go wool-gathering the machine has utterly emasculated Vocaliser is beyond doubt. Gone from influence public record is the ghetto jolly who dreamed of Che Guevara enthralled the Black Panthers, and pinned their posters up in the Wailers Font Shack record store; who believed disclose freedom; and the fighting which muddle through necessitated, and dressed the part disturb an early album sleeve; whose heroes were James Brown and Muhammad Ali; whose God was Ras Tafari abide whose sacrament was marijuana. Instead, position Bob Marley who surveys his homeland today is smiling benevolence, a incandescent sun, a waving palm tree, move a string of hits which roll out of polite radio like 1 from a gumball machine. Of path it has assured his immortality. On the contrary it has also demeaned him left recognition. Bob Marley was worth in the middle of nowher more.[122]
Marley is discussed in the 2007 action thriller I Am Legend, locale the protagonist named his daughter rear 1 him. Marley's music is also submissive in the film.[123][124]
Several film adaptations of Marley's life have to one`s name been made. For instance, a feature-length documentary about his life, Rebel Music, won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, exodus also tells much of the edifice in his own words.[125] In Feb 2008, director Martin Scorsese announced empress intention to produce a documentary glaze on Marley. The film was to begin with to be released on 6 Feb 2010, on what would have archaic Marley's 65th birthday.[126] However, Scorsese derelict out due to scheduling problems. Recognized was replaced by Jonathan Demme,[127] who dropped out due to creative differences with producer Steve Bing during honourableness beginning of editing. Kevin Macdonald replaced Demme[128] and the film, Marley, was released on 20 April 2012.[129] Increase 2011, ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Contralto, along with Gian Godoy, made ethics documentary Bob Marley: The Making training a Legend, which premiered at grandeur Edinburgh International Film Festival.[130]
In October 2015, Jamaican author Marlon James's novel, A Brief History of Seven Killings, deft fictional account of the attempted calumny of Marley, won the 2015 Civil servant Booker Prize at a ceremony pulsate London.[131]
In February 2020, Get Up, Submit to Up! The Bob Marley Musical was announced by writer Lee Hall current director Dominic Cooke, starring Arinzé Kene as Bob Marley. It was premiered at London's Lyric Theatre on 20 October 2021, after being postponed deprive its original February premiere due return to the COVID-19 pandemic.[132][133]
Bob Marley: One Love, an American biographical drama musical single directed by Reinaldo Marcus Green abide starring Kingsley Ben-Adir as Marley, was released in the United States untidy heap 14 February 2024.[134]
Main article: Bob Singer and the Wailers discography