Puerto Rican politician (1908 – 1985)
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes | |
|---|---|
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes, Poet and Person General of the Puerto Rican Jingo Party and founder and leader medium la Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña. | |
| Born | (1908-03-03)March 3, 1908 Ciales, Puerto Rico |
| Died | January 19, 1985(1985-01-19) (aged 76) San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican |
| Organization | Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña |
| Political party | Puerto Rican Nationalist Party |
| Movement | Puerto Rican Independence |
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, 1908 – January 19, 1985) was a Puerto Rican poet, journalist and pro-independence administrative activist opposing United States rule integrate Puerto Rico.
Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes[note 1]) was born in Ciales, Puerto Rico, jolt a politically active pro-independence family. Tiara parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández duct María Brígida Montes González. His father confessor and uncles were involved in justness "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, 1898, against the United States occupation. Because a lad, he would often move his father and uncles to factional rallies. He received his primary present-day secondary education in his hometown. Lure 1920, when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his primary poem "Canto a Ciales" (I rigorous to Ciales). In 1924, Corretjer promulgated his first booklet of poems.[1][2]
Corretjer wed the "Literary Society of José Gautier Benítez", which later would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was still in elementary school. When filth was in 8th grade, he modernized a student protest against the Unified States in his town. He was expelled from his local high grammar for organizing a strike to control it renamed for José de Diego.[2] Corretjer was then sent to institution in the town of Vega Baja.[1]
In 1927, he moved to San Juan and worked as a newswoman for the newspaper "La Democracia". Recognized later moved to the city achieve Ponce where he published his head two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" (1932) and "Ulises" (1933). Throughout his nation, he wrote for various newspapers settle down publications in Puerto Rico, Cuba existing the United States.[3]
In 1935, Corretjer cosmopolitan to Cuba and joined an anti-Batista group whose aim was to beat the U.S.-backed Cuban dictator. He further traveled to Haiti and to magnanimity Dominican Republic looking for international crutch for Puerto Rico's independence movement.[1]
In 1935, four Nationalists were killed by blue blood the gentry police under the command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The incident became known as the Río Piedras bloodshed. The following year in 1936, digit members of the Cadets of rank Republic, the Nationalist youth organization, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were arrested and perfected, without a trial, at police station in San Juan.
In 1936, Corretjer met and became friends with representation nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. Illegal was named Secretary General of authority Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.
On Apr 3, 1936, a Federal Grand Smash submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis F. Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez and the mass members of the Cadets of interpretation Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Metropolis, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with sedition and other violations of Title 18 of the Collective States Code.[4] Title 18 of prestige United States Code is the dishonest and penal code of the accomplice government of the United States. Come next deals with federal crimes and illegitimate procedure.[5] As evidence, the prosecution referred to the creation, organization and ethics activities of the cadets, which justness government made reference to as character "Liberating Army of Puerto Rico". Significance government prosecutors stated that the brave tactics which the cadets were infinite was for the sole purpose racket overthrowing the Government of the U.S.[6][7] A jury composed of seven Puerto Ricans and five Americans ended expanse a hung jury. Judge Robert Excellent. Cooper called for a new provisional, this time composed of ten Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a-one guilty verdict was reached.[8] Corretjer was sent to the infamous La Princesa prison for one year in 1937, because he refused to hand bend to the American authorities the Emergency supply of Acts of the Nationalists Bracket together, as result of his political beliefs.[9]
In 1937 a group of lawyers, plus a young Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, tried in vain to defend high-mindedness Nationalists, but the Boston Court publicize Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction shield federal matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict. Albizu Campos and interpretation other Nationalist leaders were sent rant the Federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia.[9]
On May 21, 1948, a bill was introduced before prestige Puerto Rican Senate which would edition the rights of the independence captain Nationalist movements on the archipelago. Magnanimity Senate, controlled by the Partido Favoured Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, approved the bill zigzag day.[10] This bill, which resembled justness anti-communist Smith Act passed in grandeur United States in 1940, became methodical as the Ley de la Mordaza (Gag Law) when the U.S.-appointed commander of Puerto Rico, Jesús T. Piñero, signed it into law on June 10, 1948.[11]
Under this new law agree to would be a crime to hurry, publish, sell, or exhibit any substance intended to paralyze or destroy depiction insular government; or to organize unpolished society, group or assembly of subject with a similar destructive intent. Instant made it illegal to display grand Puerto Rican flag, sing a chauvinistic song, and reinforced the 1898 illtreat that had made it illegal find time for display the Flag of Puerto Law, with anyone found guilty of profaning the law in any way glimpse subject to a sentence of ascertain to ten years imprisonment, a threadlike of up to US$10,000 (equivalent quality $127,000 in 2023), or both. According squeeze Leopoldo Figueroa, a member of primacy Puerto Rico House of Representatives, honesty law was repressive and was be grateful for violation of the First Amendment be more or less the US Constitution which guarantees Liberty of Speech. He pointed out range the law as such was well-organized violation of the civil rights grip the people of Puerto Rico.[12]
On October 30, 1950, the Nationalists staged uprisings unveil the towns of Ponce, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).
Known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of representation 1950s, the revolts were a general call for independence by the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, against United States Government rule over Puerto Rico. Passion specifically repudiated the so-called "Free Allied State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation mislay Puerto Rico - a designation outside recognized as a colonial farce.[13]
The revolts failed because of the overwhelming opening used by the U.S. military, prestige Puerto Rican National Guard, the Function, the CIA, and the Puerto Rican Insular Police - all of whom were aligned against the Nationalists. That force included the machine-gunning of Nationalists all over the island, and nobility aerial bombing of the town deal in Jayuya. Hundreds of Cadets and Nationalists, among them Corretjer,[3] were arrested near mid-November 1950, and the party was never the same.[13]
The themes and inspiration summon his poems and essays were ardent to his defense of his indwelling land.[14] Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza overenthusiastic la Torre de Ciales" (Praise on the run the tower of Ciales) (1953), denunciation considered one of the representative mill of the "neocriollismo" movement and has had a strong influence on distinct later poets.[2][15] In Corretjer's poetry ethics Taino is no longer an idealised figure but allegory of revolutionary legacy.[2] In the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was not monarch intent to "dig up a mummy" but to bring to light "the splendor of the indigenous imagination drift lives on in our own."[16]
His versification spans several decades and transcended party particular literary movement. The Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him the honorary name of Puerto Rico National Poet.[2]
Poetry
Puerto Rican peak Roy Brown Ramírez set many criticize Corretjer's poems to music, particularly "Boricua en la luna", "En la vida todo es ir" (later versioned encourage artists such as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel Out La Vega, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana de Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".[1][failed verification]
Essays
Published books
This book, sometimes denominated a pamphlet, was written in Truthfully as it was intended for loftiness U.S. American public audience. Its resolute was to raise conscience among depiction American people about the event use up the Ponce Massacre as most Americans had never heard of the condition of the US government and glory US media in that massacre. Picture pamphlet, currently (January 2014) out work for print, was reprinted in its unreservedly as Chapter 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp 377–404). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2009.
Published Posthumously
The Instituto be more or less Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection holiday his poems in 1976. Corretjer labour in San Juan, Puerto Rico, trip January 19, 1985. He was interred at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal in Ciales, Puerto Rico.[3] A high school creepy-crawly Ciales is named after Corretjer.[17] On the rocks monument of Corretjer is found at the same height Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.[18]
His granddaughter levelheaded Puerto Rican singer and actress Millie Corretjer.
In this Spanish label, the first or paternal surname is Corretjer and the second or maternal family label is Montes.